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NR507 Week 8 Final Exam

In comparing gastric and duodenal ulcers, which statement is most accurate regarding their characteristics?

Answers: A – D

A Duodenal ulcers are less likely to cause complications such as bleeding
B Gastric ulcers are typically associated with pain that worsens after meals
C Duodenal ulcers are more often associated with H. pylori infection.
D Gastric ulcers are more frequently located in the antrum of the stomach

Correct Answer: C ✅ Duodenal ulcers are more often associated with H. pylori infection.

Which neuroendocrine dysregulation is commonly associated with the development of depression?

Answers: A – D

A Increased production of serotonin
B Overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
C Enhanced release of dopamine in the brain
D Upregulation of the norepinephrine receptors

Correct Answer: B ✅ Overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

The NP is examining a patient suspected of having hyperthyroidism. Which of the following is a common physical exam finding that indicates hyperthyroidism?

Answers: A – D

A Bradycardia
B Difficulty swallowing
C Dry skin
D Goiter

Correct Answer: D ✅ Goiter

Diagnosis of cirrhosis can often be made on clinical manifestations alone. In the absence of enough clinical manifestations to confirm cirrhosis, the NP would order which of the following tests?

Answers: A – D

A MRI
B KUB
C Liver biopsy
D Abdominal ultrasound

Correct Answer: D ✅ Abdominal ultrasound

According to the GOLD classification of COPD, which of the following FEV1 % predicted would be expected in the patient with Stage 2 Moderate COPD?

Answers: A – D

A 80% of predicted FEV1 value
B 50% to 79% predicted FEV1 value
C < 30% predicted FEV1 value
D 30% to 49% predicted FEV1 value

Correct Answer: B ✅ 50% to 79% predicted FEV1 value

A client with myasthenia gravis (MG) presents with Class II symptoms. Which of the following manifestations is most likely to be observed in this patient?

Answers: A – D

A Severe muscle weakness affecting the respiratory muscles
B Proximal muscle weakness and difficulty rising from a seated position
C Difficulty swallowing with occasional choking
D Ptosis and diplopia due to ocular muscle weakness

Correct Answer: B ✅ Proximal muscle weakness and difficulty rising from a seated position

Which of the following test results are diagnostic of appendicitis?

Answers: A – D

A Increased neutrophils and C-reactive protein
B White blood cell count less than 10,000 cells/mm³
C Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
D Positive RBCs in the urine

Correct Answer: A ✅ Increased neutrophils and C-reactive protein

Why does peripheral neuropathy often develop as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Answers: A – D

A Excessive production of insulin leading to nerve damage
B Elevated levels of vitamin B-12 causing neurotoxicity
C Insulin resistance causing inflammation in the peripheral nerves
D Hyperglycemia leading to oxidative stress and nerve damage

Correct Answer: D ✅ Hyperglycemia leading to oxidative stress and nerve damage

What is the underlying pathophysiology contributing to the development of ascites in cirrhosis of the liver?

Answers: A – D

A Excessive production of liver enzymes
B Portal hypertension
C Impaired bile secretion and cholestasis
D Increased hepatic synthesis of clotting factors

Correct Answer: B ✅ Portal hypertension

What role does a family history of depression play in the development of depressive disorders?

Answers: A – D

A It guarantees the development of depression in all family members
B It only affects individuals in the immediate family, excluding extended family members
C It has no impact on the likelihood of developing depression
D It serves as a significant risk factor but does not guarantee the development of depression

Correct Answer: D ✅ It serves as a significant risk factor but does not guarantee the development of depression

A client reports to the clinic with complaints of fainting and chest pressure upon exercising. During the cardiac exam, the NP notes a sustained, laterally displaced apical pulse and a grade 4/6 mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard loudest at the base and radiating to the neck. An S4 gallop is also auscultated. Based on the client’s symptoms, which of the following is the correct diagnosis?

Answers: A – D

A Mitral stenosis
B Aortic regurgitation
C Aortic stenosis
D Mitral regurgitation

Correct Answer: C ✅ Aortic stenosis

The NP is examining a client with symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, numbness, and tingling in both lower extremities. Based on the symptoms, what type of anemia is most likely?

Answers: A – D

A Folate deficiency
B Anemia of chronic disease
C Vitamin B-12 deficiency
D Iron deficiency

Correct Answer: C ✅ Vitamin B-12 deficiency

Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the standard first-line treatment for major depression, what other factors must the NP consider during the initial selection of an antidepressant?

Answers: A – D

1. Client’s age
   B. All choices are correct
   C. Side effects of the drug
   D. Cost of the drug

✔ Correct answer: B. All choices are correct

Which of the following strategies is commonly recommended for managing panic disorder?

Answers: A – D

1. Avoidance of all stressors
   B. Caffeine consumption to stay alert and distract from panic thoughts
   C. Limiting physical activity to prevent panic attacks
   D. Slow, diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation techniques

✔ Correct answer: D

Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Answers: A – D

1. Excessive iodine intake
   B. Primary pituitary gland failure
   C. Thyroid tumor
   D. Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)

✔ Correct answer: D

What is the primary cause of polyuria in individuals with type 1 diabetes?

Answers: A – D

1. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
   B. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
   C. Osmotic diuresis caused by elevated glucose levels
   D. Hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

✔ Correct answer: C

A decreased preload can be expected in which of the following patients?

Answers: A – D

1. A patient with a hemorrhage
   B. A patient who is in fluid overload
   C. A patient with a fever
   D. A patient in pain

✔ Correct answer: A

Which of the following are important considerations when prescribing a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) for an older adult?

Answers: A – D

1. TCAs may cause weight gain
   B. TCAs may cause insomnia
   C. TCAs may cause polyuria
   D. TCAs may cause weight loss

✔ Correct answer: A

Which of the following drug classifications is considered the first-line treatment for major depression?

Answers: A – D

1. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
   B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
   C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
   D. Serotonin modulators

✔ Correct answer: B

What is the primary goal of treatment for ascites in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver?

Answers: A – D

 

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Related: (Completed) NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam