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BIOS256 Week 5 Exam 2

Identify the byproduct produced during the specified stage of cellular respiration indicated by the arrow.

1. acetyl-CoA
2. water
3. citric acid
4. ADP
5. CO2 ✅

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Which of the following is a critical metabolic role of the liver that is impaired in cirrhosis?

1. production of erythropoietin
2. secretion of aldosterone
3. conversion of ammonia into urea ✅
4. filtration of blood at the glomerulus
5. synthesis of calcitriol

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Which of the following is produced during the preparatory step in aerobic respiration and will enter the Krebs cycle?

1. ethanol
2. glucose
3. acetyl-CoA ✅
4. lactic acid
5. citrate

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Which cells in the nephron detect sodium concentration and help regulate glomerular filtration rate through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

1. macula densa cells ✅
2. podocytes
3. endothelial cells
4. mesangial cells
5. principal cells

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Identify the highlighted urinary structure indicated by the arrow.

1. renal pelvis
2. minor calyx
3. ureter ✅
4. collecting duct
5. major calyx

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Which process in the nephron uses energy to help concentrate urine by creating a water-pulling gradient?

1. countercurrent multiplication in the nephron loop ✅
2. filtration at the glomerulus
3. secretion in the distal convoluted tubule
4. reabsorption in the minor calyx
5. peristalsis in the ureter

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Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

1. glucose
2. FAD
3. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4. carbon dioxide
5. oxygen ✅

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Classify each vitamin as fat-soluble or water-soluble.

Vitamin E → Fat-Soluble ✅

Vitamin B12 → Water-Soluble ✅

Vitamin C → Water-Soluble ✅

Vitamin K → Fat-Soluble ✅

Vitamin A → Fat-Soluble ✅

Vitamin D → Fat-Soluble ✅

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Which process breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for energy production?

1. lipolysis ✅
2. gluconeogenesis
3. glycogenesis
4. lipogenesis
5. beta-oxidation

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Match each metabolic pathway with its primary end products.

Glycolysis → Pyruvate ✅

Electron transport chain → ATP ✅

Fermentation → NAD+ ✅

Krebs cycle → CO2 ✅

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Related: (Completed) BIOS256 Week 8 Exam 3

Related: (Completed) NR222OX Faculty Quiz 2