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NR567 Week 4 Midterm Exam

Name: (Completed) NR567 Week 4 Midterm Exam
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According to antimicrobial stewardship principles, which action should a provider avoid to prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answers: A – D

A Narrowing antibiotic therapy based on culture results

B Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections

C Starting empiric therapy before cultures are obtained

D Prescribing the shortest effective duration of therapy

A 60-year-old patient hospitalized with symptoms of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Cultures reveal Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which antibiotic combination is recommended?

Answers: A – D

A Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

B Piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin

C Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

D Vancomycin and rifampin

A patient with Cushing syndrome is prescribed ketoconazole. Which of the following mechanisms does ketoconazole primarily utilize to manage the condition?

Answers: A – D

A It promotes adrenal insufficiency

B It blocks ACTH production from the pituitary gland

C It enhances the metabolism of cortisol

D It inhibits the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal glands

A 72-year-old patient with a history of diabetes is diagnosed with cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is methicillin-resistant. What is the best treatment option?

Answers: A – D

A Penicillin G

B Cefotaxime

C Vancomycin

D Amoxicillin

A patient with a history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is prescribed phenazopyridine for urinary discomfort associated with a UTI. What should the nurse consider when administering this medication to this patient?

Answers: A – D

A Phenazopyridine is safe for all patients, regardless of G6PD status

B The patient should avoid drinking fluids white taking this medication

C There is a risk of hemolytic anemia due to the patient’s G6PD deficiency

D The medication will effectively treat the UTI

A 48-year-old male patient presents with symptoms of endocarditis. Cultures reveal Staphylococcus viridans. Which antibiotic combination is appropriate for initial treatment?

Answers: A – D

A Vancomycin and rifampin

B Penicillin G and gentamicin

C Cetriaxone and metronidazole

D Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

When considering influenza treatment in pregnant patients, which antiviral is preferred?

Answers: A – D

A Oseltamivir •

B Zanamivir

C Ganciclovir

D Valganciclovir

A patient with a confirmed diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis is prescribed amphotericin B. The nurse practitioner knows that treatment duration typically lasts how long for most systemic mycoses?

Answers: A – D

A 6-8 weeks

B 1-2 weeks

C 3-4 weeks

D 12 weeks

A 70-year-old patient with a history of chronic liver disease is diagnosed with mild COVID-19 and is at high risk for severe disease. Which antiviral medication is contraindicated for this patient?

Answers: A – D

A Molnupiravir

B Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

C Remdesivir

D Oseltamivir

A patient in cardiogenic shock is most likely to benefit from which treatment approach?

Answers: A – D

A Vasoconstrictors for managing vasodilation

B Administration of IV fluids and blood products

C Use of inotropes and antiarrhythmics

D Mechanical or surgical decompression

A 70-year-old patientwith a history of chronic liver disease is diagnosed with mild COVID-19 and is at high risk for severe disease. Which antiviral medication is contraindicated for this patient?

Answers: A – D

A Molnupiravir

B Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

C Remdesivir

D Oseltamivir

A 50-year-old female presents with macrocytic anemia and complaints of numbness in her hands and feet. Laboratory results confirm a severe vitamin B12 deficiency. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this patient?

Answers: A – D

A Oral vitamin B12 and folic acid

B Oral folic acid alone

C Intramuscular vitamin B12 and folic acid

D Intranasal vitamin B12

A patient with a hypertensive emergency is administered sodium nitroprusside. After 10 minutes at the maximum dose of 10 mcg/kg/min, blood pressure remains elevated. Which action should the nurse practitioner take next?

Answers: A – D

A Continue the infusion and monitor blood pressure closely

B Increase the infusion rate

C Discontinue the sodium nitroprusside infusion

D Administer a bolus dose

A patient presents with onychomycosis and is being started on oral terbinafine. Which of the following patient assessments is most critical prior to initiating therapy?

Answers: A – D

A Checking renal function to monitor for possible side effects

B Assessing for a history of allergic reactions to topical antifungals

C Evaluating liver function tests to rule out hepatotoxicity

D Confirming a history of diabetes mellitus

A 62-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease presents to the emergency department with chest pain and is diagnosed with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The cardiologist plans to proceed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Which of the following intravenous antiplatelet agents would be most appropriate to administer in addition to aspirin and heparin to reduce ischemic complications?

Answers: A – D

A Warfarin

B Clopidogrel

C Dabigatran

D Abciximab

A patient with a STEMI is administered a high dose of atorvastatin after stabilizing. What is the primary reason for administering statins in the acute phase of ACS?

Answers: A – D

A To stabilize coronary artery plaque and reduce inflammation

B To decrease pain

C To reduce the risk of arrhythmias

D To prevent further plaque buildup

A nurse practitioner is reviewing treatment guidelines for Hepatitis C with a patient. Which of the following factors is most important in determining the appropriate DAA therapy?

Answers: A – D

A Patient’s symptom severity and current liver enzyme levels

B Frequency of symptoms and viral load at diagnosis

C HCV genotype, presence of cirrhosis, and treatment history

D Length of time since initial CV infection and risk of transmission

Which of the following patients is eligible to receive the Gardasil-9 vaccine for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answers: A – D

A An adolescent with no history of allergic reactions to vaccines

B A pregnant client in her second trimester

C A client with a known allergy to yeast

D An adult with a severe allergy to any vaccine component

A nurse practitioner is administering norepinephrine to a patient with severe hypotension. Norepinephrine is primarily effective in this situation due to its ability to:

Answers: A – D

A Increase glucose utilization in the liver

Activate B2 receptors to increase bronchodilation

C Activate 32 receptors to improve blood flow to skeletal muscles

D Stimulate a1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure