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NR566 Week 4 Midterm Exam
A 43-year-old man presents with fever, cough, and myalgia. A rapid test confirms influenza A. Symptoms began 24 hours ago. Which antiviral is the BEST first-line treatment?
Answers: A – D
A. ⭐ Oseltamivir
B. Zidovudine
C. Acyclovir
D. Ganciclovir
A 70-year-old immunocompromised patient with mild COVID-19 presents within 3 days of symptoms. Which therapy is MOST appropriate to reduce progression to severe disease?
Answers: A – D
A. Ritonavir
B. Ribavirin
C. ⭐ Monoclonal antibody
D. Dexamethasone
Which contraceptive method is contraindicated in a patient with a current pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Answers: A – D
A. Progestin-only pill
B. Transdermal patch
C. ⭐ Intrauterine device (IUD)
D. Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
A 5-year-old child presents with chickenpox. The rash began 12 hours ago. Which antiviral could be prescribed to shorten disease duration, and what is the age-appropriate route of administration?
Answers: A – D
A. IV acyclovir
B. Topical docosanol
C. ⭐ Oral acyclovir
D. Oral oseltamivir
The nurse practitioner prescribes a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor for a patient with urinary complaints. The nurse practitioner anticipates which treatment goal?
Answers: A – D
A. Increase in ejaculate volume
B. Reduction in urine volume
C. Improvement in libido
D. ⭐ Reduction in prostate size
Which drugs are considered the drugs of choice for treating enterobiasis?
Answers: A – D
A. Triclabendazole and diethylcarbamazine
B. Pyrantel pamoate and praziquantel
C. Ivermectin and moxidectin
D. ⭐ Albendazole and mebendazole
A 33-year-old man develops recurrent cold sores (HSV-1). He asks for an over-the-counter topical therapy. Which drug should the nurse practitioner recommend?
Answers: A – D
A. Famciclovir
B. Foscarnet cream
C. ⭐ Docosanol
D. Ganciclovir gel
How do calcimimetics help reduce the risk of nephrolithiasis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answers: A – D
A. By stimulating vitamin D production
B. ⭐ By reducing PTH secretion and improving calcium balance
C. By binding phosphate in the gut
D. By increasing calcium absorption from the GI tract
A 39-year-old woman with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presents with uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis. According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, which of the following statements regarding the treatment approach is correct?
Answers: A – D
A. Oral antifungal medication has a higher treatment response rate than topical antifungal medication
B. Uncomplicated vulvovaginitis in both HIV and non-HIV patients should be treated with topical itraconazole
C. Patients with HIV require co-treatment with antibiotics for skin infection when concurrent excoriation is present
D. ⭐ Treatment for HIV patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis does not differ from non-HIV patients
Which class of antiviral drugs is recommended for both the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza?
Answers: A – D
A. Protease inhibitors
B. ⭐ Neuraminidase inhibitors
C. Endonuclease inhibitors
D. Adamantanes
What is the MOST common adverse effect associated with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?
A Lactic acidosis
B Myocardial infarction
C Hepatic steatosis
D Pancreatitis
A patient prescribed bethanechol for urinary retention develops abdominal cramping and diarrhea. What is the BEST explanation?
A Muscarinic receptor stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract
B Parasympathetic blockade
C Drug toxicity inducing dumping syndrome
D Allergic reaction induced fluid shifts
A patient with a history of hypertension and heart failure is admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a severe urinary tract infection. The patient is prescribed gentamicin along with loop diuretics for fluid management. Two days into treatment, the patient complains of ringing in the ears and dizziness. What is the MOST likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?
A Bacterial resistance to gentamicin
B Allergic reaction to gentamicin
C Drug-drug interaction between gentamicin and loop diuretics
D Normal side effects of gentamicin therapy
A 60-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed a medication to reduce prostate size. Which class of drugs would be MOST appropriate for this patient?
A 5-Alpha-adrenergic antagonists
B 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors
C Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
D Alpha-blockers
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